When the HPCC Program began, it focused on "Grand Challenges," computationally intensive problems in science and engineering. With the addition of the Information Infrastructure Technology and Applications component, the HPCC Program also began addressing the "National Challenges," information-intensive applications impacting U.S. competitiveness and societal well being. There is a class of applications that span both of these types of challenges. Five examples are presented:
Air Quality Management: The North Carolina Compliance Modeling Project