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| NIH | NLM Electronic Imaging | Budget Code: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Images are an important part of biomedical knowledge. New computer-based technologies are providing an unprecedented opportunity to supplement the traditional two dimensional images of medicine and biology with dynamic, three-dimensional images that can be viewed, rotated, and reversibly dissected in a manner analogous to the physical objects they represent. Visible Human Project: The National Library of Medicine has undertaken steps to build and evaluate digital image libraries of anatomical structures of the human body. Full use and understanding of the biological structures depicted in such libraries will exploit the integration of advance computer and communications technologies, with medical imaging systems for computer tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR)imaging. The combinations of these technologies with efficient algorithms to efficiently render anatomic data into photo realistic images which are easily manipulable by students, researchers, or health care providers will offer new tools for health education, research and clinical practice.
DPXNET Program: The NLM is the technical lead agency in a collaborative project in electronic imaging with the National center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS). The NCHS conducts nationwide surveys and collects a broad range of medical, demographic and other health related data in addition to x-rays. This project has succeeded in digitizing and archiving about 17,000 cervical and lumbar spine x-ray films acquired as part of the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) to create an electronic archive of this unique and nationally important collection. The third survey, NHANES III, has generated an additional 10,000 x-rays of the hands, wrists and knees. Accomplishments include: the development of high performance imaging workstations for quality control and standardized readings; the development of an electronic store implemented by a 144-platter optical disk jukebox and a RAID system accessible over the Internet; the development of client/server software for general access to the images and collateral data over the Internet; initiating the design of an electronic radiologic atlas and training set for the cervical and lumbar spine; began the development of an integrated database with image and collateral data for general access over the Internet and begin the development of a general access workstation. ISTO Project: The larger size of the Visible Human image set and other medical images offer an enormous challenge to storage and transmission. The full set of Visible Human images would require a capacity of over 100 CD-ROMs, an impractical distribution option. The NLM therefore is investigating advanced compression and communication techniques to minimize the required storage capacity and maximize transmission speed over the Internet. |
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The complete data sets for the Visible Human Male and Female were mounted and distributed both over the Internet, and as a published volume of 8mm and 4mm tapes.
Completed the scanning, quality control and archiving of 17,000 NHANES II spine x-ray images. Developed, tested and demonstrated an extension of the electronic x-ray archive by integrating a RAID system with an optical disk jukebox. Demonstrated a prototype standardized readings workstation in the lab, and conducted an evaluation of this workstation for determining optimum design parameters for user interface; using this evaluation, began the design of a portable standardized readings workstation for deployment on the Internet. Began the design of an online electronic radiological atlas and training set for spine images, and selected image sets for these tools. |
A subset for the color data will be mapped with anatomical labels and graphical outlines to serve as a data structure model for object identification of the full male and female image data sets; a prototype image database will be designed to house the 2D and 3D data sets.
Continue research into automated image classification, and linkage of structural data with semantic labels. Begin the design of a portable standardized readings workstations for deployment on the Internet; plan to begin readings of all cervical and lumbar spine images, and incorporate this data with the digital images and other NHANES II collateral data. Complete general access client workstations for Internet access by universities, government agencies, research institutions and a broad array of independent investigators; conduct beta tests of the general access workstations by selected communities investigating osteoarthritis and other musculoskeletal diseases. Begin capture, quality control and archiving of 10,000 NHANES III x-ray images of hands, wrists and knees. Begin an effort to incorporate image compression and high speed transmission techniques to optimize the distribution of the Visible Human and digital x-ray images. The multi socket transmission technique algorithms will be tested on image samples from both collections. |
Implement the prototype for the complete image data base.
Start full object identification of the Visible Human data sets. Mount the prototype Visible Human Subset Database on line for user beta testing. Complete standardized readings of NHANES II and III images. Expand general access to integrated database consisting of NHANES II and III collateral text and images. Expand general access workstations to access other image/text databases. Identify the compression technique and specific parameters for maximum compression of images consistent with required quality standards. Encode the multi socket transmission technique for use in server/client systems. |
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