DOE/SC H. Simon, "The Divergence Problem", Applied
Mathematics Colloquium, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, April 2003; online at http://www.nersc.gov/~simon/
J. Dongarra, "Concluding Remarks and Future Directions", SC2002 PERC
Tutorial: online at http://perc.nersc.gov/docs/sc2002/dongarra-sc2002.pdf
Computational resource requirements of the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) community: executive
summary ,
full report
(December 17, 2002) including executive summary, and strategic
plan
(April 4, 2002) (its table on page 7 gives examples of requirements
for realistic calculations, the figure on page 8 indicates the
improved precision in comparing theory and experiment).
NERSC's
Sustained System Performance (SSP) benchmark (November 25, 2002)

DOE Office of
Science work on developing a better understanding of the interactions
between application performance and architecture
(November 15, 2002) http://www.appsmatrix.info/
C. W. McCurdy, R. Stevens, H. Simon, W. Kramer, D. Bailey, W. Johnston,
C. Catlett, R. Lusk, T. Morgan, J. Meza, M. Banda, J. Leighton,
J. Hules, "Creating Science-Driven Computer Architecture: A
New Path to Scientific Leadership", October 2002, online at
http://www.nersc.gov/news/blueplanet.html
H. Simon, "Five
Trends in Supercomputing for the Next Five Years", July 2002,
online at http://www.nersc.gov/~simon/Talks/Five_Trends.pdf
Background article describing the Effective System Performance (ESP)
test benchmark (2000) http://www.nersc.gov/~kramer/papers/esp-sc2000.pdf
Metrics for making the case for the need
and value of ultra-scale computing systems in science and engineering
(December 12, 1999) 
The Performance
Evaluation Research Center: online at http://perc.nersc.gov/papers/presentations.htm
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NASA
Earth Science Enterprise Computational Technology Requirements
Workshop: (1) report on the April 23 - May 1, 2002, workshop and
(2) presentation of the workshop results to the Office of Earth
Science senior management (May 23, 2002) http://esto.nasa.gov/programs/ct/ese-ct-results.html
Return on Investment for HPC Systems in
the Research Environment, briefing to the HPC University by Dave Nelson, Deputy CIO, NASA (March 21, 2002) 
Requirements for Earth system science: prediction
of weather, climate, and natural hazards 
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